3 storey building foundation. Take the stairs or elevator to the .
3 storey building foundation Jul 5, 2024 · The right foundation depends on your specific project, but these five types are some of the best for any commercial building. Sample Three Storey Building Plan - Free download as PDF File (. It offers detailed technical data and calculations for various fields such as fluid mechanics, material properties, HVAC systems, electrical engineering, and more. In the case of Nepal, after the Earthquake on 2072/01/12 Nepal government decided to need to follow the building construction guidelines. FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS INFORMATION The following information is intended as a guide, and is based on the Minnesota State Building Code and good building practice. Foundation depth helps to provide stability and support into the ground. The foundation of the building failed, sending the structure into a canal on Saturday, June 13, 2020. Many lots in coastal areas (seaside, lake and river) are assigned base flood elevation certificates which dictate how high off the ground the first living level of a home must be built. Design of this commercial building is completed with the assistance of Software known as Staad pro. Modern approaches integrate evidence-based pedagogical strategies with interactive technology to create engaging, effective training programs that prepare students For this 3-storey residential building, various finite model were used to check on every structural elements modelled independently with each other. Foundation is the part of the structure below th… Abstract - The main intention of this project is to design a three-storey commercial building by taking considerations to Indian Standard codes. Jan 1, 2022 · For example, if you are building a basement/crawl space foundation, set up the timber frame before pouring concrete so that they fit together perfectly. This is based on a soil bearing capacity of 1500 (psf). Village of Flossmoor Building Code Nov 2, 2024 · A building’s foundation is a critical structural component that transfers loads from the building into the underlying soil or bedrock. Loads must be estimated before design, including dead loads from structure/finishes and live loads. com Based on the architectural drawing & design of a three-story building, sizes of reinforcement are determined for various RCC members. Proper spacing ensures the integrity and strength of the structure, preventing potential issues down the line. It's a completely three storey building floor plan. Jul 16, 2024 · Foundations are necessary for supporting commercial and residential buildings alike, though foundation systems for commercial buildings have a higher capacity to endure a heavier and more demanding structural load. 3) References used to determine loads and We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Commercial structures typically have multiple floors, high traffic, and are under constant usage, so commercial foundations should be able to take on the entire load without The project is a design for a three storey structure, of which we chose, residential building. 8m) for isolated footing shallow foundation in gravel and sand soil with ultimate bearing capacity in which width dimensions is 6’×6′. Chapter tabs are also included. Nov 20, 2018 · Dive into the critical information about Foundation Footing Depth For 1, 2, 3, 4 And 5 Storey House. Effective Jul 23, 2025 · In this building plan you get 45' X 40' Residential Building floor plan Auto-cad 2D file with front elevation. Take the stairs or elevator to the What type of foundation, you ask? The answer is a concrete foundation capable of supporting said 3 stories and their corresponding loads. Larger homes and more complex foundation types require additional materials and labor, which can lead to higher costs. A basement is typically defined as a portion of a building that is partly or completely below the exterior grade and that may be used as habitable or storage space. Any sub-surface structure should have a factor of safety greater than one. txt) or view presentation slides online. 2 meters deep of foundation depth. Foundation walls for two (2) story buildings under 25' 0" in height shall be a minimum of ten inches (10") in thickness, measured horizontally, through a cross-section of the foundation. Jan 21, 2025 · Make Foundation up into Three-story Hello friends, how are you? I hope you are alright with everything to yourself. Six steps that define this sequence are described below. Foundation walls for three (3) story buildings over 25' 0" in height shall be a minimum of twelve inches (12") in thickness. It also provides the dimensions, depths, and reinforcement details for two isolated footings. A 3-storey building, with its increased weight and load, demands a foundation capable of withstanding significant pressures. In addition UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction Dec 21, 2021 · Depth of Footing with Steel Details for 3 Storey Building Civil Engineers 920K subscribers Subscribed The 7th Edition (2020) update to the Florida Building Code: Residential is a fully integrated publication that updates the 6th Edition 2017 Florida Building Code: Residential using the latest changes to the 2018 International Residential Code® with customized amendments adopted statewide. Mar 31, 2025 · The type of structure plays a significant role in determining how deep a foundation needs to be: Residential Buildings: Typically, houses and smaller residential buildings require shallower foundations. The exact size will also depend on the height of each floor. Planning of the foundation a three-story building constructed on potential liquefaction area in Air Tawar Estuary of Padang City Rasyid Karami1, Rina Yuliet1* , and Elsa Eka Putri1 Typical loads on building foundations. How big should house footings be? A 3 storey building design with an overhead tank stand provision from start to finish, a complete design. 5 feet), four feet (1. This is useful for buildings with basements, differential settlement is an issue, floor areas with A collection of foundation details looking at strip foundation, raft, pad and pile foundations with detail examples in 2D and 3D. Aug 10, 2022 · A 3-story house is usually between 30 and 45 feet tall, depending on the roof height and foundations. You Can Follow This document outlines design criteria and load assumptions for a building project, including: 1) Minimum design loads such as dead loads from structural elements and finishes, live loads for different occupancies, and seismic and wind loads. The table of contents includes perspective views, site plans, floor plans Make the most out of your beach living lifestyle with the Tiger Beach plan. Reactions and other transfer loads necessary for load continuity through its designated load path are maintained analysis and modeling progresses. 🏗️💪 Shield your building with a strong and right foundation through proper soil Types of foundations generally used in buildings are isolated footings, combined footing, raft or mat foundations, strip foundation, pile and drilled shafts. The great room lies open to the kitchen that Feb 5, 2025 · Building a 3-storey structure requires careful planning and execution, especially when it comes to the foundation depth and foundation reinforcement. The 2021 IRC® contains many important changes such as: Braced wall lines must be placed on a physical wall or placed between multiple walls. 2. The rated separation for two-family dwellings is 1 hour whether or not a lot Depth of Footing for 3 Storey Residential Building Civil Engineers 924K subscribers Subscribe This comprehensive code comprises all building, plumbing, mechanical, fuel gas and electrical requirements for one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses up to three stories. Thus, the foundation cost for 1000 sq ft building is 1000×180 = 180,000 rupees or 1000×240 = 240,000 rupees. Specific displacement methods discussed include The minimal foundation depth for a one-story building in moderate clay soil is one metre (3. You already know which topic will be discussed today. txt) or read online for free. UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction Download scientific diagram | Three-storey structure: elevation, plan and footing numbering. For the most current adoptions details go to International Code Adoptions The IRC contains many important changes such as: An updated seismic map reflects the most conservative Seismic Design Category (SDC) based on any Understand the options, design requirements, and common pitfalls to spec the right footings to keep your foundation strong for a long time. See full list on civilsir. Make the most out of your beach living lifestyle with the Tiger Beach plan. Aug 17, 2023 · A spread column footing is a type of isolated foundation that supports individual columns, spreading the load over a larger area of soil. It also includes sections for structural drawings such as foundation plans, framing plans, and construction details. 8m x 1. The total cost of your house foundation will primarily depend on the size of the home and the type of foundation. It lists the dimensions, reinforcement bar sizes and locations for columns from the 3rd floor to roof and beams. While the National Building Regulations specify general requirements for foundations, it is the deemed-to-satisfy rules We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Two fundamental methods are described: force methods, which satisfy compatibility equations; and displacement methods, which satisfy equilibrium equations. Sep 13, 2024 · Foundation cost calculator Foundation installation prices encompass the costs of excavation, grading, and footings. If foundations are not correctly built, walls may crack and at worst, could even collapse. Laying of Column Footing Reinforcement | Foundation Design The Out of which 2 number of 12mm bars at top and 3 number of 16mm bars at the bottom. A collection of foundation details looking at strip foundation, raft, pad and pile foundations with detail examples in 2D and 3D. BEST FOR BEGINNER AND ADVANCE USERsIn this lesson y In general, the minimum foundation depth is 1 meter (3. 825 mm Excavation is done by the JCB on the hourly basis After the excavation the surface is leveled called surface dressing Nov 18, 2023 · Post And Pier Foundation Spacing When it comes to constructing a solid and stable building, the spacing of post and pier foundations plays a crucial role. 5 m) with regards to isolated footing shallow foundation in gravel as well as sand soil having Depth of Footing for 3 Storey Building | Practical Video | Civil Engineers 921K subscribers Subscribe Raft Foundation for 3 Storey building Full details Civil Engineers 980K subscribers Subscribe With Basement 3 Story House Plans 3 Story House Plans With Basement Affordable Home Designs Bonus Space Floor Plans Covered Porch House Plans Garage Detach House Plans Garage Rear House Plans Garage Side House Plans Garage Under House Plans Great Room Floor Plans Luxury Home Designs Master Bedroom Main Floor Narrow Lot House Plans Sloping Lot Typical foundation cost for a residential building range from 180 to 240 rupees per square foot (sq ft). On the main floor, you'll find a well thought out floor plan. By evenly distributing loads, foundations prevent uneven settling, reduce strain on the structure, and protect against environmental factors like erosion and frost heave. The best 3 story house floor plans. Footing depth for a two-story house or a modest two-story building, as a rule of thumb rule, using standard 9-inch-thick walls, the suggested depth of footing is at least 4 feet (1. The text is presented and organized The best mm bar to use for a three storey/G+2/3 storey building should use a 12mm diameter steel bar for the footing, a 12mm and 16mm diameter steel bar for the column (300 × 300 mm) and 12mm diameter steel bar for beams (230 × 300 mm) and 10mm & 12mm steel bar for casting RCC roof slab. We'll cover information about shallow and deep foundations Sep 9, 2025 · Online school safety training has evolved beyond traditional protocols to encompass comprehensive digital security education that addresses cybersecurity awareness, digital citizenship, and virtual learning environment safety. 1. Get Four Building Quotes For 3 storey (G+2) house or in simple 3 floor building, general thumb rule, using standard 9″ thick walls, we recommended size of column footing should be 5’×5’×5′ (1. 5m) for isolated footing shallow foundation in gravel and sand soil with higher bearing capacity in which width dimensions is 5’×5′ and depth of This is a fully integrated code based on the 2018 International Residential Code®. However, during the construction process, attention also needs to be paid to safety factors. Rules of thumb are included within each step to help the designer quickly and efficiently arrive at a solution that is sensible for a given set of constraints. The foundation is the bedrock upon which the entire edifice rests. 8m×1. After all materials are on-site and ready to go, start digging. Concrete masonry is well suited for below grade applications, because of its strength, durability, economy, and resistance to fire, insects and noise. Full reinforcement details for 3 Storey (G+2) building, hi guys in this article we know about full reinforcement details of footing, column, plinth beam, floor beam and RCC slab for 3 storey building and also know about iron rod size for footing, column, beam and slab. The estimated average a 2. A poorly designed foundation can lead to costly repairs and even catastrophic failure. The Engineering ToolBox provides a wide range of free tools, calculators, and information resources aimed at engineers and designers. UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction YOUR DESCRIPTION HEREDepth of house foundation Reinforcement details of Footing for 3 storey Building foundation ki gehrai kitni rakhen depth of foundation for 1 to 3 UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction The Illustrated Field Guide to the Minnesota Residential Code, 2020 based on the 2018 edition of the Residential Code Essentials was developed to address the need for an illustrated text explaining the basics of the residential code—those provisions essential to understanding the application of the code to the most commonly encountered building practices. The document contains schedules for columns, beams, and footings for a building construction project. In addition to a foundation’s ability to support the required design loads, this chapter addresses several other factors that can affect foundation performance. The hurricane shutters on the home's exterior not only look great but also provide protection against the elements. Procedure for construction of foundation starts with a decision on its depth, width, and marking layout for excavation and centerline of foundation. The foundation is the most critical element of UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction Oversized windows, stucco, and stone accents make up the majority of this 3-story, contemporary home plan's exterior. from publication: Approaches to design of shallow foundations for low- rise framed structures | 2005 Column footing size for three floor or storey (G+2) building: With regards to three floor or storey (G+2) house or in just 3 floor building, standard guideline, utilizing conventional 9″ thick walls, it is suggested that the size of column footing must be 5’ × 5’ × 5′ (1. Built on a post and pier foundation, this plan is designed to get you closer to the beach. Oct 3, 2023 · For four storey (G+3) house or in a simple 4-floor building, available thumb rule, utilizing standard 9″ thick walls, we suggested size of column footing must be 6’×6’×6′ (1. Slab thickness is typically 1/2 inch per foot of span. Although every attempt has been made to verify accuracy in the handout, no guarantees are made to its accuracy. Sep 22, 2023 · Wondering how much your home weighs? We've put together a quick calculator that gives estimates according to engineering design codes. Low rise building comprises of 1 storey, 2 storey, 3 storey, 4 storey and 5 storey building. It explains that statically indeterminate structures require analysis to ensure they have sufficient strength and rigidity. 🌏 At VPP Soil Testing & Consultancy, we ensure your structures stand firm from the ground up, tested, analyzed, and ready to withstand even the toughest shakes. This civil engineering article provides brief insight about footing dimensions or typical concrete footing size for 3 story house. It lists various drawings and plans related to civil works, structures, electrical, and plumbing. Nov 15, 2011 · Regulations for Foundations-Part H A Focus on Safety Foundations, Part H, of any structure, large or small, must be built to safely transmit all loads of the building to the ground. Without a solid foundation, the structure would not hold for long. As the Minnesota State Building Code includes over 500 pages of building requirements, this document cannot include all Mar 19, 2022 · How to Decide Size And Depth of Footing for Three Storey Building | Structural Design of Footing | Civil Engineers 918K subscribers 669 For an engineer who is new to designing multi-storey buildings it is important that they follow a logical sequence through the various stages of the design process. This comprehensive code comprises all building, plumbing, mechanical, fuel gas and electrical requirements for one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses up to three stories. Apr 26, 2017 · Design of building component Formwork design Staircase design Deep Beams Slabs Excavation, Layout and Foundation Excavation is a process of making trenches by digging up of earth for the construction of foundations and basements. A minimum of 12”inches deep for all footings and the width will be determined by the amount of stories, 12” inches for a single story, 15” inches for a two story and 23” inches for a three story. 2 meters) below ground level for isolated footing. The document appears to be a civil engineering student project analyzing the foundation design of a three-story commercial building. High rise building includes multi- stories like 10 storey, 20 storey and apartment. What is the standard thickness of a foundation? UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction Dec 19, 2022 · A complete guide to building foundations, including their definitions, types, and uses. Other factors such as brick siding and type of foundation walls could change UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction 1) Construction cost of 1000 square feet House 2019? Cost of House Construction per square foot 2019 • Construction cost of 1000 square feet Hous more The standard column size for a G+2/3-story residential building is at least 12" × 12", and the standard beam size is at least 9" × 12". Constructing Strip Foundations on weak Ground, due to complex terrain, it is necessary to use many bamboo stakes driven into the ground to reinforce the firm Foundation of a 3-story steel building in these plans you can see its foundation and its construction details. UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction The Illustrated Field Guide to the Minnesota Residential Code, 2020 based on the 2018 edition of the Residential Code Essentials was developed to address the need for an illustrated text explaining the basics of the residential code—those provisions essential to understanding the application of the code to the most commonly encountered building practices. That's why building a proper residential house foundation requires careful planning, correct selection of suitable materials, and meticulous step-by May 8, 2015 · Foundation Design Foundation is the base of any structure. The structure was located at a village about 120 kilometers away from Kolkata, the capital city of West Bengal state. 95 lakhs excluding finishing cost, depending upon the choice Nov 17, 2020 · Types of foundations such as raft foundations is a type of shallow foundation which generally covers the entire footprint of the building and is generally a 150-300mm thick reinforced slab. 5 metres) for a 3 story building respectively. pdf), Text File (. A 12-inch footing is 1 square foot of area per lineal foot, so the code is saying that the portion of a two-story wood house that bears on the outside walls weighs about 2,500 pounds maybe a little conservative, but reasonable. Beam depth is typically 1/10 to 1/ modern 3 storey building plan table of contents republic of the philippines office of the building officials architectural cs perspective location plan site A crawlspace is a building foundation that uses a perimeter foundation wall to create an under-floor space that is not habitable; the interior crawlspace elevation may or may not be below the exterior finish grade. The foundation is the most critical element of Explore a searchable database of US construction and building code. 5 m x 1. The double garage can be found on the lower level, along with 3 family bedrooms, 3 full baths, a kitchenette, and a large recreation room. The site includes resources for common engineering tasks Dec 17, 2023 · Above mentioned price is just an approximate estimate for the materials. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 2 metres) for a 2 story building and five metres (1. The Building foundations act as the structural connection between the weight of a building and the ground beneath it. I'l be filming the whole process from the start to finish and in this first episode of the series We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. The cost covers an average estimate required for the main structure of the house including foundation, framework, concreting, plastering, painting along with doors and windows. In this in-depth guide, we’ll explore what building foundations are, the different types used in construction Low rise building comprises of 1 storey, 2 storey, 3 storey, 4 storey and 5 storey building. Ensure your house stands strong, safe, and compliant with 3 Storey Building Final Plan - Free download as PDF File (. In this article, I will discuss the guidelines and requirements for post and pier foundation spacing, as well as the factors that Concrete masonry is used to construct various foundation wall types, including full basement walls, crawlspace walls, stem walls and piers. Spread Column Footings are constructed with typical footing heights between 8”-24” (20-61 cm) and How deep does your foundation need to be? I'll explain how deep the typical foundation should be for your house extension. This document appears to be a table of contents for construction plans of a building project. These plans are designed for light retail, office, and industrial usage. 5m×1. You'll need to consider the soil type, how deep nearby drains are and This document contains a table of contents listing 14 architectural drawings for the construction of a three-storey public market building. 5 storey house cost in Nepal ranges from Rs 75 lakhs to Rs. I will give you knowledge about the building foundation up to the three-story building. 5 m) with regards to isolated footing shallow foundation in gravel as well as sand soil having Depth of Footing for 3 Storey Building | Practical Video | Civil Engineers 921K subscribers Subscribe Raft Foundation for 3 Storey building Full details Civil Engineers 980K subscribers Subscribe With Basement 3 Story House Plans 3 Story House Plans With Basement Affordable Home Designs Bonus Space Floor Plans Covered Porch House Plans Garage Detach House Plans Garage Rear House Plans Garage Side House Plans Garage Under House Plans Great Room Floor Plans Luxury Home Designs Master Bedroom Main Floor Narrow Lot House Plans Sloping Lot Download scientific diagram | Three-storey structure: elevation, plan and footing numbering. In addition This article will review several types of building foundation including their benefits, components, and design considerations. In this project, we used methods that we learned throughout the whole second semester of academic year 20172018. Construction for 3-Storey Building Introduction: This report outlines the foundation and wall construction for a 3-story building u. Learn about the foundation depth and foundation reinforcement details for a 3-storey building. plus tie bars/rings of size 8mm spaced at 150mm c/c The same size should be taken for G+3 storey building i. The raft spreads the load from walls, columns over the area, and is similar to floating on the ground. Excavation level at escape site is 219. Size/depth of foundation depends heavily on soil properties. It lists sections for architectural drawings including site plans, floor plans, elevations, and schedules. The job of a foundation is to transfer the loads of the building safely to the ground. The foundations for these home designs typically utilize pilings, piers, stilts or CMU block walls to raise the home off grade. Home | ICC Store Top 7 Concrete Alternatives for Foundations: Sustainable Building Solutions by Bob When we think of building a strong and durable foundation, concrete often comes to mind. Code regulations are consolidated by state and city for easier navigation. It consists of a slab of concrete, often reinforced, that extends beyond the column's base to distribute the load more evenly across the underlying ground. 2 m) for a 2 storey building, 5 feet (1. CHAPTER 4 FOUNDATIONS User note: About this chapter: Chapter 4 provides requirements for constructing footings and walls for foundations of wood, masonry, concrete and precast concrete. Aug 9, 2024 · Learn more about the foundations for 2-story houses, including types, influencing factors, and tips for building them in this article! Jul 2, 2021 · Depth of Footing for Two Storey Building Civil Engineers 922K subscribers Subscribed 3 Storey Plan The document is a table of contents for building plans of a municipal building in Muntinlupa, Philippines. Loads transfer from slabs to beams to columns to foundations. ing a strip mat foundation and solid block walls. Find large & narrow three story home designs, apartment building blueprints & more! Call 1-800-913-2350 for expert support. 5m x 1. The incident was preceded by heavy rainfalls that struck the region the day before. This document discusses the history of structural analysis methods. 1 m) for a 5 storey building. Florida Building Code Administrative Chapter 1 is included. This approach is chosen due to the unavailability of old country burnt bricks and the perceived weak. We have to be very cautious with the design of foundations because our entire structure rests on the foundation. Sep 10, 2016 · Hello my question is simple as the title state it , for obvious reasons related to modeling off buildings for geotechnical engineering , i am looking for typical values per storey be it for RC or Steel structures thanks Building Designs by Stockton offers an assortment of one, two, and three story Commercial Plan designs. That depends on the number of stories the house will be. An improperly built foundation can cause the walls and floors to crack and shift, leading to structural damage. For an engineer who is new to designing multi-storey buildings it is important that they follow a logical sequence through the various stages of the design process. It includes plans and sections of the building as well as calculations of loads on columns at each level. Jun 29, 2025 · What is the best foundation for a 3 story building? Among the types of foundations being used today, using 3-story house's strip footings is considered the best solution to help the building withstand load. 3. 2) Material properties including concrete compressive strengths and steel reinforcement yield strengths. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the factors that influence foundation depth, the types of foundations suitable for a 3-storey building, and the best practices for reinforcing the foundation to withstand various environmental and load-bearing conditions. The cover page provides project details such as the project title, location, preparers and . But how do building foundations work? In essence, they stabilize the structure, anchoring it firmly into the Sep 8, 2023 · Thus the foundations for your building might be much more substantial than – and different from – the foundations for, say, a large house or a two-story office where large concentrated uplift and lateral loads are either absent or overcome by the weight of the building. 8 m) for a 4 storey building, and 7 feet (2. The drawings include floor plans for each level, a roof plan, elevation views, sectional views, ceiling plans, and schedules for doors, windows, and toilets. 5 feet) for a one-storey building in medium clay soil, 4 feet (1. A 3-story building suddenly collapsed into a canal in West Bengal, a state of India. 5 m × 1. 5 m) for a 3 storey building, 6 feet (1. e Understand the options, design requirements, and common pitfalls to spec the right footings to keep your foundation strong for a long time. The expansive deck consumes the entirety of the rooftop, and allows for entertaining on a grand scale. Building the foundation of a home is the most vital part of any home construction project, as it bears the entire load of the house. Find big home designs & small builder layouts w/concrete slab on grade foundation! Call 1-800-913-2350 for expert help. You Can Follow Aug 15, 2020 · PDF | According to the requirements of the building analysis sent its drawing by you, the STAAD Pro program was approved to complete this work, where | Find, read and cite all the research you Finally the project I've been waiting for years, my house. The document discusses methods for estimating loads and preliminary sizing of structural components for multi-storey buildings, including: 1. The best slab house floor plans. Oct 6, 2020 · Typically, a 2 storey building will require between 1. As civil engineers, understanding the principles behind foundation design and the various types of foundations is key for any construction project. The The weight of your home is important in the event you need foundation repair work. UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction UpCodes offers a consolidated resource of construction and building code grouped by jurisdiction Size of FootingRCC FootingSize of Footing for 2 Storey buildingSize of footing for columnSize of Isolated Footing 📍Near Robinson, Laoag City: 3 Storey Residential Building Strong foundations aren’t just built, they’re engineered for resilience. Elevated house plans are primarily designed for homes located in flood zones. Concrete floor slab thickness is not depending on how tall/hight of building, it’s depends on material, Engineering, load acting on it and span, need proper design, what kind of material should be used. In most cases, a foundation depth of 900mm to 1200mm (approximately 3 to 4 feet) is sufficient. pzwdobwmhzvwjhbalqqrhgdhubpkonraaicqbnkhhdzwxcxbpuhsaakxnxcvabfziucvpldg